Digital payments; Store of value
Blockchain (linear chain of blocks)
Limited (basic scripting language)
Miners validate transactions by solving cryptographic puzzles.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BTC; block rewards halve every 4 years (halving).
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (supports complex ,Data Structures)
Advanced (Turing-complete programming language, Solidity)
Validators (PoS) or miners (PoW) validate transactions.
Transitioned from Proof of Work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS) with Ethereum 2.0.
Decentralized; with Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)
No fixed supply; issuance depends on network activity and staking.
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (layered architecture for scalability)
Supported (Plutus scripting language)
Stakeholders validate transactions.
Ouroboros Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting (Voltaire phase)
Fixed supply of 45 billion ADA; staking rewards.
Digital payments; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput, parallel processing)
Supported (Rust, C, C++)
Validators use PoH for timestamping and PoS for consensus.
Proof of History (PoH) combined with Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with community involvement
Inflationary model with decreasing issuance over time.
Digital payments; Cross-border payments
Blockchain-like (distributed ledger)
Limited (focused on payments)
Unique node list (UNL) validators agree on transactions.
Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA)
Semi-centralized (Ripple Labs has significant influence)
Fixed supply of 100 billion XRP; escrow system for releases.
Digital currency; Initially a meme
Blockchain (forked from Litecoin)
Limited (basic scripting)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; inflationary (10,000 DOGE per block).
Digital currency; Interoperability between blockchains
Relay chain and parachains (multi-chain architecture)
Supported (via parachains and Substrate framework)
Validators and nominators secure the network.
Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS)
On-chain governance with voting and referenda
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Similar to Bitcoin but faster transactions
Blockchain (forked from Bitcoin)
Limited (similar to Bitcoin)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 84 million LTC; block rewards halve over time.
Decentralized oracle network; Connects smart contracts to real-world data
Blockchain-agnostic (works with multiple chains)
Focused on providing external data to smart contracts
Node operators validate data feeds.
Off-chain consensus for oracles
Decentralized; with staking for node operators
Fixed supply of 1 billion LINK; used for payments and staking.
Decentralized exchange protocol
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (automated market-making protocols)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with UNI token holders voting
Fixed supply of 1 billion UNI; used for governance.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Multi-chain architecture (X, P, and C chains)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators reach consensus through repeated sub-sampling.
Avalanche Consensus (a variant of Proof of Stake)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting
Fixed supply of 720 million AVAX; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Cross-border payments
Distributed ledger
Limited (focused on payments and token issuance)
Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA)
Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP)
Semi-centralized (Stellar Development Foundation)
Fixed supply of 50 billion XLM; inflation removed in 2019.
Digital currency; Fork of Bitcoin
Blockchain (forked from Bitcoin)
Limited (improved scripting over Bitcoin)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 21 million BCH; block rewards halve over time.
Scaling solution for Ethereum
Sidechains and Plasma chains (Ethereum-compatible)
Supported (EVM-compatible)
Validators secure the network.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with MATIC token holders voting
Fixed supply of 10 billion MATIC; staking rewards.
Decentralized storage network
Blockchain (focused on decentralized storage)
Limited (focused on storage deals)
Miners prove storage of data.
Proof of Replication (PoRep) and Proof of Spacetime (PoSt)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 2 billion FIL; rewards for storage miners.
Digital currency; Content sharing platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (Turing-complete, Solidity-compatible)
Super Representatives validate transactions.
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Semi-centralized (TRON Foundation)
Fixed supply of 100 billion TRX; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Original Ethereum blockchain
Blockchain (original Ethereum chain)
Supported (Turing-complete)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; inflationary model.
Supply chain management platform
Blockchain (focused on supply chain and IoT)
Supported (VET supports smart contracts)
Authority nodes validate transactions.
Proof of Authority (PoA)
Semi-centralized (VeChain Foundation)
Fixed supply of 86 billion VET; used for transactions and governance
Digital currency; Privacy-focused
Blockchain (privacy-focused)
Limited (focused on privacy)
Miners validate transactions.
Proof of Work (PoW)
Decentralized; community-driven
No fixed supply; tail emission after 18.4 million XMR.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (WebAssembly-based)
Block Producers validate transactions.
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Semi-centralized (Block Producers have significant power)
No fixed supply; inflationary model.
Stablecoin; Pegged to the US dollar
Blockchain (issued on multiple chains)
Limited (focused on stablecoin issuance)
Validators of the underlying blockchain.
Depends on the underlying blockchain (e.g., Ethereum, Tron)
Centralized (Tether Limited)
Backed 1:1 by fiat reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.
Digital currency; Internet of Things (IoT)
Tangle (no blocks or miners)
Limited (focused on IoT and feeless transactions)
Users validate two previous transactions.
Tangle (Directed Acyclic Graph - DAG)
Decentralized; community-driven
Fixed supply of 2.78 billion MIOTA.
Decentralized lending platform
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (decentralized lending/borrowing protocols)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with AAVE token holders voting
Fixed supply of 16 million AAVE; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Interoperability between blockchains
Interconnected blockchains (Cosmos Hub)
Supported (via CosmWasm)
Validators secure the network.
Tendermint Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with ATOM token holders voting
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (supports digital assets and smart contracts)
Supported (NeoVM, multiple programming languages)
Consensus nodes validate transactions.
Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT)
Semi-centralized (Neo Council)
Fixed supply of 100 million NEO; generates GAS tokens.
Governance token; MakerDAO protocol
Ethereum blockchain
Advanced (decentralized stablecoin protocol)
Ethereum validators
Runs on Ethereum (PoS after Ethereum 2.0)
Decentralized; with MKR token holders voting
No fixed supply; used for governance and stability fees.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (self-amending)
Supported (Michelson scripting language)
Bakers (validators) secure the network.
Liquid Proof of Stake (LPoS)
On-chain governance with voting
Inflationary model; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Smart contract platform
Blockchain (high-throughput)
Supported (Algorand Smart Contracts - ASC1)
Validators are randomly selected.
Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS)
Decentralized; with ALGO token holders voting
Fixed supply of 10 billion ALGO; staking rewards.
Digital currency; Hybrid PoW/PoS
Blockchain (focus on governance)
Limited (focused on governance and payments)
Miners and stakeholders validate transactions.
Hybrid Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)
Decentralized; with on-chain voting
Fixed supply of 21 million DCR; block rewards.
Stablecoin; Pegged to the US dollar
Blockchain (issued on multiple chains)
Limited (focused on stablecoin issuance)
Validators of the underlying blockchain.
Depends on the underlying blockchain (e.g., Ethereum, Solana)
Centralized (Circle and Coinbase)
Backed 1:1 by fiat reserves; supply adjusts based on demand.